Functional Groups: Aldehydes, Keytones and Carboxylic Acids

Keytone
A keytone is a hydrocarbon chain with a double bonded oxygen that is NOT at the end.
  The chemical to the left (propanone) is the simplest keytone.
Examples:

4 floro 3 methyl 2 pentanone

1 floro 2 propanone














Aldehydes
An aldehyde is very similar to a keytone, but the the double bonded oxygen is on the end of the chain. Follow the standard naming rules and change the parent chain ending to -ol.

methanol (formaldehyde)

4,4 dichloro 3 methyl butanol






Carboxylic Acid
Carboxylic Acids are formed by a double bonded oxygen and an OH connect to one Carbon.

3 dichloro 2 floro propanoic acid

 2,3 dimethyl butanoic acid