Functional groups: Alchohols, Halides, Aldehydes, Keytones

Organic compounds can contain elements other than Carbon and Hydrogen
-these are known as functional groups
*Carbon chains without functional groups are written as R-
-in chemistry 11 we will learn about 9 different functional groups
1.Alcohols
2.Halides
3.Aldehydes
4.Ketones
5.Carboxylic Acids
6.Ethers
7.Amines
8.Amides
9.Esters


Alcohols
-an alcohol is a hydrocarbon with a -OH bonded to it
-same naming rules apply but the parent chain ending in -ol




4 methyl 2 butanol






 ethanol










When 2 OH's are present, the same rules apply but you add 'multiplier' before the ending (di, tri, tetra)







2,4 butadiol








Halide
-group 7 elements (F, Cl, Br, I) can bond to a hydrocarbon chain
-Naming follows standard rules with halides using floro-, cloro-, bromo-, and iodo-

1 iodo 2 floro propane

2 bromo 4 chloro 1 ethyl pentane